We learned that information technology can be defined as any computer based tools that people used to work with information and to support information need of an organization. Also information technology can be defined as a term that encompasses all form of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms. Also there two important things about information we learned. Those things are information technology architecture and information technologist infrastructure. Information technology architecture is a map or plan of information assets in organization while information technology infrastructure is the physical facilities, IT components, IT service and IT components that support an entire organization. IT components it includes the following things.It include computer hardware, software and communication technology. IT services are the services provided for people such as data management, system development and security management. IT personnel are the people who work with information technology.
We learned what information and communication technology (ICT) is and what is difference between IT and ICT. Information and communication technology is technology that provided access to information through telecommunication. The difference between IT and ICT is that ICT is similar to IT but ICT is focus mostly in communication technology. I learned that ICT has made great changes in many fields such as in education, economy, healthcare, government, science, business and banking. For instance in banking has improved services as replacing long queue in the banks with online service. People nowadays they don't have to make a long in the banks for service instead they can get service online.They can transfer money from one account to another through online service. In business ICT has helped business man to make their advertisement in the internet and to communicate with their clients directly through internet.
ICT play a great role in education. During past decades of years book had been used as mainly learning tools in education. But currently information and communication technology which include radio and television as well as newer digital technology such as computer and internet have become potential learning tool in education. The following are uses of ICT in education. projector is used in teaching. Nowadays our lecture use projector to teach students. projector is good example of ICT.
USEFUL OF ICT IN EDUCATION (PROJECTOR)
Another uses of ICT in education is teleconferencing, e-learning and other else.Automated teller machine, El-banking, Smart card, Electronic data interchange and electronic data transfer are good example of uses of ICT in banking. I learned the following advantage of ICT in banking. The first one it has improved customer access to meet customer needs. For instance, Long queue in banks has been replaced by online service. It is very convenience since customer can get access to the banking service through internet. For instance customer can transfer money from one account to another through internet without going to the banks. Also they can check balance of their account through internet. Other advantage of uses of ICT cost and time effectiveness. Customer they can save their time by using ATM card to draw their money instead of standing in a long queue.
Also i have learned that in business people can use ICT to communicate between individuals, individuals and organization and individual and an external organization. Example of uses of ICT in business are mobile telephones, e-business, multimedia communication, e-mail and laptop computers.
Before we started to learn information system we started firstly to learn what system is. System is a set of elements or components. we learned that system has input, processing mechanism, output and feedback. Then we learned that information system is an application of computer based information technology used to facilitate planning, control, coordination, and decision making in an organization.
We learned components of computer based information system. Components of computer based information system we have learned are procedure, database, hardware, software, telecommunication and people.
Hardware is physical parts of computer system. Hardware consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing and output activities. Example of hardware are input devices such as mice, keyboard and other else, output devices such as speaker, monitor, communication devices and storage devices such for example flash disk, floppy disk and memory.
Software consists of computer programs and instructions that govern the operation of computer. Programs corresponding to specific jobs should be stored in the memory of computer.
Database is another component of computer based information system and it can be defined as an organized collection of interrelated data. Data and records are stored in data base so they can be retrieved easily. I learned that the main use of database is to store data. Database can store large number of records. People are the one among of components of information system. Those people are people who program,manage, run and maintain system.
Procedures are strategy, policy, rules for using computer information system. Procedure refers to document written to support a policy directive.
Information system has several types. Those types of information system we learned are transaction processing system, decision support system, expert support system, management information system and office automation system.
I learned that there many information system in the word. Information system that is used in accounting is called auditing system. Information system which is used for healthcare is called expert system. For finance they payroll system, for journalism they use knowledge management system. Any organization in this world can have its own information system. For human resources they use applicant tracking system.
Network, Telecommunication, and internet are the components of information system. Network is used to connect computer and equipment in or around a certain area so as to enable electronic communication. Examples of networks are local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN) and metropolitan network (MAN). Telecommunication is electronic transmission of signal for communication which enables organization to carry out their task, process through effective computer network.
I learned roles of computer based information system. Those roles are support competitive advantage, support business decision making, support business operation and process information system is divided into two mainly types. The first type is operations support system. Operation support system includes system such as transaction processing system, office system, enterprise collaboration system. Second type is management support system. Management support system includes system such as management information systems, decision support system and executive support system. There are three managerial level in an organisation. There are low level manager, middle level manager and top level manager.
Types of planning that is used in low level manager is called operational
. Transaction processing system is the one which is used in low level manager. Low level managers are the one who directs workers/employees. Workers are informed about decisions that are taken by management in this lower level management. Management are informed about performance by lower level management.
I learned that tactical is in middle level.Types of information system that are encompassed in middle level manager are decision support system (DSS) and management information system (MIS). low level manager consists of the following people. Department heads, department manager and junior executive. All of these people they have their own task. For instance department heads are finance manager. Junior executives are assistance of finance manager. The last level is top manager .System that is used by top manager is called executive support system. I learned that top manager they use strategic plan. Top level management is used to determine plans, policies and objectives of organisation.
After learned three managerial level we learned in detail one system after another. We started with transaction support system. Transaction support system is the one which capture and process data. Also i learned that transaction processing system records the data from every day operations throughout revision or department in an organisation.
I learned four feature of transaction processing system. The first feature is that each department should have one transaction processing system. I learned that each department is connected through the transaction processing system to provide useful information to management level through the company. Second feature is transaction processing system is back born of an organisation's information system. Thirdly, Transaction processing system (TPS) is used by operational personnel and supervisor levels. Fourthly, TPS is used to monitor, collect, store and process data generated from business transaction system. After learned features of information system i learned three components of information system. Those components are people, hardware and software. There are two kind of people involved in this transaction processing system. First one is the user of information. User of information is the person belonging to the organisation that owns transaction processing system. Another one is participants. Participants are the people who conduct the information processing of the system as they directly enter transaction and perform validation.
Other thing i learned about transaction processing system is its function. I learned four function of transaction processing system which are input function, processing function, output function and storage function. Input function includes activity like to capture input data, enter input data, and Validate input data. Perform computation and making decision are activity done in processing function. Examples of output function of transaction processing system are to produce screen output and to print output. Examples of storage function of transaction processing system are to store data, to access data and to update data.
I learned what management information system (MIS) is. I learned that management information system is an integrated collection of people, procedures, database and devices that provides managers and decision makers with information to help achieve organisation goals. the following are features of management information management system. Management information system is used by middle managerial level. Second one is TPS uses internal data stored in computer system. Third one it to produce several kind of report with fixed and standard formats. The last feature is MIS draws from all departments. Also i learned that the main function of management information system is to provide managers with information about operations of the organisation so that they can control, organize and plan more effectively. Information system has several roles. MIS supports structures decision. Another role is MIS is to provide the right information to the right person in the right format at the right time.
Other information system i learned is decision support system(DSP). Decision support system is used by middle manager. Decision support system is defined as organised collection of people, procedure, software, database, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. Decision support system it has the following feature. It is used to support unstructured problems. It is used by tactical manager.
Expert support system is computerized expert systems that have been developed to diagnosed problems, predict future events and solve problems. Expert support system possesses the following characteristic.ESS helps users to solve problems. It gives computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in particular field. The last it can be used by both management and management personnel.
